HRE4M1 · Unit 2 · Lesson 7

Who Is Jesus?

The Jesus of history and the Christ of faith
A Study in Christology

Welcome to Lesson 2.7

This lesson explores Jesus of Nazareth as a real historical person and Jesus Christ as Lord, Savior, true God and true man.

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Before We Begin

A Question to Sit With

Start with your own honest understanding before the lesson shapes it.

Jesus is the central figure of Christianity, but people understand him in many different ways. Some see him as a teacher, prophet, moral example, revolutionary, Savior, or Son of God.

Before moving through the lesson, explain who you think Jesus is and why that question matters.

0 wordsMinimum: 35 words
Part One · Introduction

Jesus of History and Christ of Faith

Catholic faith looks at Jesus from two connected angles: the real historical Jesus and the divine Christ proclaimed by faith.

Jesus of Nazareth was a first-century Jewish teacher in Roman-occupied Palestine. He was born in Bethlehem, raised in Nazareth, and carried out most of his ministry in Galilee and Judea.

From the perspective of Christian faith, Jesus is more than a teacher or prophet. Catholics profess that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, the Messiah, Lord and Savior, fully divine and fully human.

This belief is called the Incarnation. God entered human history in the person of Jesus Christ. Jesus worked with human hands, thought with a human mind, loved with a human heart, suffered, died, and rose again.

"And the Word became flesh and lived among us."John 1:14, NRSV-CE
Quick Check
What does the Incarnation mean?
Pause and Reflect
Why does it matter that Catholics believe Jesus is both a real historical person and the divine Son of God?
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Part Two · Vocabulary

Seven Key Terms to Know

Tap each card to reveal its meaning. View all seven before moving on.

Incarnation
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The Christian belief that the Son of God became human in Jesus Christ. God truly entered human history.
Hypostatic Union
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The doctrine that Jesus is one divine Person with two natures, fully divine and fully human.
Messiah
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The anointed one promised by God. Christians believe Jesus fulfills this role as Savior and spiritual King.
Resurrection
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Jesus rising from the dead on the third day, defeating sin and death and confirming his divine identity.
Kingdom of God
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God’s reign of love, justice, mercy, and truth, begun in Jesus and fulfilled completely at the end of time.
Redemption
Tap to reveal
The saving work of Jesus, especially through his death and Resurrection, which reconciles humanity with God.
Eucharist
Tap to reveal
The sacrament in which Catholics believe Jesus is truly present under the appearances of bread and wine.
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Part Three · Historical Jesus

Jesus’ Life, Ministry, and Message

The Gospels present Jesus as a real person in history whose words and actions revealed God’s Kingdom.

Jesus began his public ministry around age thirty. He preached in synagogues, on hillsides, by the sea, and in ordinary places where people gathered.

His message centered on love, forgiveness, justice, conversion, and the Kingdom of God. He taught through parables such as the Good Samaritan, the Prodigal Son, and the Mustard Seed.

Jesus also performed miracles. He healed the sick, restored sight to the blind, fed crowds, calmed storms, and raised the dead. These miracles were signs of God’s power and compassion breaking into the world.

Jesus welcomed sinners, tax collectors, the poor, the sick, and outsiders. This revealed God’s mercy, but it also brought him into conflict with leaders who saw his actions and claims as threatening.

Quick Check
What was the central theme of Jesus’ preaching?
Pause and Reflect
Which part of Jesus’ ministry seems most powerful to you: his teaching, miracles, welcome of outsiders, or challenge to hypocrisy? Explain why.
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Part Four · Doctrine

True God and True Man

The Catholic answer to “Who is Jesus?” is not either human or divine. It is both, perfectly united in one Person.

The Church teaches that Jesus Christ is true God and true man. He is not half God and half human. He is fully divine and fully human.

The term Hypostatic Union names this mystery: Jesus is one divine Person with two natures. His divine and human natures are not confused, separated, or mixed.

This teaching matters because if Jesus were only human, he could not save all humanity from sin and death. If he were only divine and not truly human, he could not truly share our life, suffering, or death.

"My Lord and my God!"John 20:28, NRSV-CE
Quick Check
What does the Hypostatic Union teach?
Pause and Reflect
Why does it matter that Jesus is fully human and fully divine? What would be lost if either part were denied?
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Part Five · Death and Resurrection

Cross, Resurrection, and Salvation

Christian faith does not end with Jesus as a wise teacher. It centers on his death and Resurrection.

Jesus was condemned under Pontius Pilate and crucified outside Jerusalem around 30 to 33 AD. Crucifixion was meant to shame and destroy, yet Christians believe Jesus freely gave himself out of love for the salvation of the world.

On the third day, Jesus rose from the dead. The Resurrection is not treated by Christians as a symbol only. It is the central event that shows Jesus’ victory over sin and death.

St. Paul says that if Christ has not been raised, Christian faith is empty. The Resurrection transformed frightened disciples into bold witnesses and became the foundation of the Church's proclamation.

"If Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile."1 Corinthians 15:17, NRSV-CE
Quick Check
Why is the Resurrection central to Christian faith?
Pause and Reflect
What does the Cross and Resurrection reveal about God’s love, human suffering, and hope?
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Part Six · Real-World Connections

Jesus’ Teachings and Lasting Impact

Jesus’ message has shaped ethics, culture, art, service, justice, and the way countless people understand life.

Jesus taught love of God and love of neighbor as the greatest commandments. He also taught forgiveness, humility, mercy, love of enemies, and care for the poor and marginalized.

The Sermon on the Mount and the Beatitudes continue to challenge cultural assumptions about power, wealth, revenge, and success. Jesus teaches that greatness is found in service and that God’s Kingdom often overturns worldly values.

Jesus’ influence can be seen in hospitals, charities, human rights movements, art, music, Christmas, Easter, and the calendar itself. Page 8 of the lesson includes a life-of-Jesus timeline and a Nicene Creed visual, showing how both history and doctrine help Catholics answer the question, “Who is Jesus?”

Pause and Reflect
Choose one teaching of Jesus, such as love your enemies, forgive, serve the poor, or the Golden Rule. Why is that teaching still challenging today?
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Part Seven · Catholic Tradition and Culture

Creeds, Councils, Eucharist, and Devotion

The Church has spent centuries protecting the truth about Jesus because everything in Christianity depends on who He is.

The Nicene Creed, prayed at Sunday Mass, proclaims Jesus as “true God from true God.” The Council of Nicaea defended Jesus’ divinity, and the Council of Chalcedon clarified that Jesus is one Person with two natures.

The Mass is centered on Jesus. Catholics believe He is truly present in the Eucharist, and the liturgical year leads believers through His birth, ministry, Passion, death, Resurrection, and kingship.

Devotions such as the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Eucharistic Adoration, the Stations of the Cross, and Christ the King all keep the memory and presence of Jesus alive in Catholic life. Jesus is not only a figure of the past. He is the living Lord encountered in the Church and sacraments.

Quick Check
Why were the early creeds and councils so important?
Pause and Reflect
Which Catholic practice or teaching helps you understand Jesus most clearly: the Creed, the Eucharist, the liturgical year, Sacred Heart devotion, or the Stations of the Cross? Explain why.
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Part Eight · Check Your Understanding

Lesson Quiz

Answer all seven questions. Feedback will appear as you complete each one.

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Part Nine · Think Deeper

Stretch Your Thinking

Use the lesson ideas, not just quick opinion.

If Jesus were only divine but not truly human, or only human but not truly divine, how would that change Christianity? Explain why the Catholic teaching matters.

0 wordsMinimum: 140 words

Choose one parable, miracle, or teaching of Jesus and explain what it reveals about the Kingdom of God.

0 wordsMinimum: 140 words
Part Ten · Final Synthesis

Bring the Lesson Together

This response should show that you understand the lesson as a whole.

In one thoughtful response, answer the question: Who is Jesus? Include both the historical Jesus and the Christ of faith. Use terms such as Incarnation, Hypostatic Union, Messiah, Resurrection, Kingdom of God, Lord, and Savior where helpful.

0 wordsMinimum: 170 words
Part Eleven · Wrap Up

Almost Finished

Review your progress, download your report, and then mark the lesson as complete.

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